From: Tim Osborn <t.osborn@uea.ac.uk>
To: Jonathan Overpeck <jto@u.arizona.edu>,Keith Briffa <k.briffa@uea.ac.uk>
Subject: new fig 6.14
Date: Mon, 17 Jul 2006 15:08:48 +0100
Cc: Eystein Jansen <eystein.jansen@geo.uib.no>,joos <joos@climate.unibe.ch>

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Hi Peck, Eystein and Fortunat,

I've drafted two versions of the new fig 6.14, comprising a new panel 
showing the forcing used in the EMIC runs, plus the old fig 6.13e 
panel showing the EMIC simulated NH temperatures.  Keith has seen them already.

First you should know what I did, so that you (especially Fortunat) 
can check that what I did was appropriate:

(1) For the volcanic forcing, I simply took the volcanic RF forcing 
from Fortunat's file and applied the 30-year smoothing before plotting it.

(2) For the solar forcing there are 2 curves.  For the first, I took 
the Bard 0.25% column from Fortunat's RF file.  For the second, I 
took the Bard 0.08% column from Fortunat's RF file from 1001 to 1609, 
and then appended the WLS RF forcing from 1610 to 1998.  Then I 
smoothed the combined record.  NOTE that for the Bard0.25%, the line 
is flat from 1961 onwards which probably isn't realistic, even though 
that is what was used in the model runs.

(3) For the "all other forcings" there are 2 curves.  For the first, 
I took the CO2 concentrations provided by Fortunat, then used the 
"standard" IPCC formula from the TAR (in fact the first of the three 
options for CO2 in IPCC TAR Table 6.2) to convert this to a radiative 
forcing.  I then added this to the non-CO2 radiative forcings data 
from Fortunat's file, to get the total radiative forcing.  For the 
second, I replaced all values after 1765 with the 1765 value (for the 
natural forcings case).  Then I smoothed the combined record (as in 
fig 6.13c, I only applied a 10-year smoothing when plotting the "all 
other forcings", because it is fairly smooth anyway and using a high 
smoothing results in lower final values when there is a strong trend 
at the end of a time series).

Now, some comments on the figures themselves (please print them and 
refer to them when reading this):

(1) File 'chap6_f6.14_option1.pdf' is strongly preferred by Keith and 
me.  This shows the three forcing components separately, which helps 
with understanding the individual causes of specific warming and 
cooling periods.  I have managed to reduce the size of this 
considerably, compared to the equivalent panel in fig 6.13, because 
with only a few series on it I could squeeze them together more and 
also reduce the range of the vertical axes.

(2) Although we don't prefer it, I have also made 
'chap6_f6.14_option2.pdf' which is even smaller by only showing the 
sum of all the forcings in the top panel.

Which version do you prefer?  Please let me know so I can make final 
changes only to the preferred version.

Some more comments:

(1) Fig 6.14b was originally Fig 6.13e.  When it was part of that 
figure, the colour bar showing the shades of grey used to depict the 
overlapping ranges of the published temperature reconstructions was 
only on Fig 6.13d.  Do you think I should now also add it to the EMIC 
panel (6.14b), now that it is in a separate figure?  It will be a bit 
of a squeeze because of the legend that is already in 6.14b.

(2) Another carry over from when 6.14b was part of 6.13, is that the 
time range of all panels had to match (900-2010).  Now that the EMICs 
are in a separate figure, I could start them in year 1000, which is 
when the forcing and simulations begin.  Unless you want 6.13 and 
6.14 to remain comparable?  Again please comment/decide.

(3) I wasn't sure what colours to use for the forcing series.  In 
option 1, the volcanic and other forcings apply to all runs, so I 
chose black (with thick/thin used to distinguish the "all" forcings 
from the "natural-only" forcings (basically the thin flat line in 
"all other forcings).  The cyan-green-blue runs used strong solar 
forcing, so I used blue for that forcing.  The red-orange-brown runs 
used weak solar forcing, so I used brown for that forcing.  Sound ok?

Sorry for the long email, but I wanted to get everything explained to 
avoid too many iterations.

Please let me know your decisions/comments on these questions, or on 
any other aspects of the new figure.

Cheers

Tim

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Attachment Converted: "c:\eudora\attach\chap6_f6.14_option1.pdf"

Attachment Converted: "c:\eudora\attach\chap6_f6.14_option2.pdf"
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Dr Timothy J Osborn, Academic Fellow
Climatic Research Unit
School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia
Norwich  NR4 7TJ, UK

e-mail:   t.osborn@uea.ac.uk
phone:    +44 1603 592089
fax:      +44 1603 507784
web:      http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~timo/
sunclock: http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/~timo/sunclock.htm

**Norwich -- City for Science:
**Hosting the BA Festival 2-9 September 2006

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